language features: Chapter 5

Pathetic fallacy "It was a dreary night in November" The use of the word 'Dreary' suggests something dark and sinister is about to happen as the word is usually associated with darkness, this is the case because the monster is brought to life.

Adjective "It was Beautiful, great god!" This is how Victor was describing the figure of the monster before it was brought to life. It is quite Ironic that Victor says "Great god" because the monster is not a creation of god, yet the creation of Victor, meaning Victor is kind of congratulating himself for making a perfect being.

Adjective "By the dim and yellow light of the moon" Shelley uses the color Yellow as an adjective to describe both the moon and the monster. Perhaps what Shelley is trying to do is to compare the moon and the monster. Maybe the monster is acting like a moon, preventing any light to shine onto Victor leaving him in darkness and despair.

Hyperbole "How can I describe my emotions for such a catastrophe" Shelley is kind of exaggerating Victors emotions during the creation of the monster, the use of the word 'catastrophe' makes it sound like something incredibly bad has happened, however some would say that Victor has witnessed a miracle, not a catastrophe

Pathetic Fallacy  “Drenched by the rain which poured from a black and comfortless sky" Through the way Shelley uses the word “       Comfortless” makes not only the weather unstable but also the situation, Victor talks about how he stayed up throughout the night walking round the town, Victor shows how uncomfortable he is which is shown by his actions and also the way the weather is described.

Negative Tone

"How can I describe my emotions for such a catastrophe"

" I nearly sank to the ground with languor and extreme weakness"

"Oh! No mortal could support the horror of countenance"

"I felt the bitterness of disappointment."

"I held the dead corpse of my mother in my arms"

" The miserable monster I had created"

nature vs nurture

NATURE VS NURTURE

NATURE: A persons acts or personality can be defined through his/her genetic material. Nobody is at fault for his/hers actions but themselves.

NURTURE: A person’s acts or personality can be defined through the way they are brought up. For example his/hers actions are imitated by the actions of their parents.

FRANKENSTEIN: The Monster

NATURE: The debate has shown that the monster downfall was because of the nature of it. Shelley may have wanted to show that the monster was always going to be evil because of its genetic material. The monster was abandoned by Victor meaning Victor had no affect on the monsters personality or thoughts, this means that the monster was the only one to have had an effect on its own thoughts, Victor was not of an influence to the monster.

NURTURE: Because Victor is the creator of the monster, the man should of shown responsibility towards the monster and instead of looking after it he decided to abandon it, maybe the monsters decision to kill was through the actions of Victor. Because Victor abandoned it the monster was taught by it’s creator not to care for others and because of Victor selfish actions, the monster decides to be selfish too.

MY OPINION

Although you could say that the monster was of its own independence, I believe that the monster was nurtured wrongly by Victor. Because of Victor’s negligence towards the creature, this had an impact on the way the monster formed it’s thoughts around as it not had to comprehend these thoughts before and instead followed what his creator had done and become selfish and evil. The monster could be seen at fault however I believe that Shelley makes it out as if the monster is like a new born baby, it has not experienced anything before meaning it is easily persuaded, the monster after it’s creation had not yet witnessed what being affectionate looks like however had been shown by Victors action what being neglected which is what I believe the monster picked up on and acted like that, meaning he was nurtured by Victor to kill instead of nature. 

Chapter 15

The monster finds 3 books whilst looking for wood in the forest, the first book is an epic poem written by John Milton called 'Paradise lost'. The poem is about humankind's loss of innocence in the garden of Eden. The monster reflects how is quite similar to the character of Adam in the poem, however also sees himself as Satan because he does not love his creator.

The monster sees himself like Adam because both had disobeyed their creator, however in the monster's case, he did not disobey his creator, instead the creator abandoned him making him seem like Satan because Victor, who could be seen as God, does not want share his presence. 

The monster also reveals that when he fled from Victor's apartment, he took some of Victor's journal notes in which describes the monsters creation process. The monster curses Victor for making something so ugly and letting it out on the society.

This is the monster trying to stick up for himself, instead of Victor cursing the monsters, it's the other way round. The monster backs himself up by making it sound that Victor had created a creature which wouldn't be accepted into society, making it doomed and isolated. 

Going back to the monsters story, one day when Felix, Agatha and Safie are all out, the monster decides to visit the blind old man in the cottage. The monster hopes that the blind man cannot be prejudice about his appearance, they talk for a while until the family return, Felix attacks the monster, Safie runs off and Agatha faints. The monster then runs away.

The blind man represents the few of society which cannot judge the monster by it's appearance, however when the family return and abuse the monster, they represent the rest of society which are quick to judge a person through their appearance, showing that they are prejudice and evil. 

Chapter 14

As the monster continues to watch the family, he understands the family's history and fate. The family's surname is 'De Lacey'. The family was a rich and well respected family, Felix had fell in love with Safie as he had helped her father who was wrongly accused of a crime. Felix helped Safie's father escape from prison, however he was found out to of helped the prison break leaving Felix exiled by the government and losing all of his family's wealth. When Safie was forced to return to Turkey by her father, she escaped to find Felix so they could live with each other.

Shelley plays with different roles and aspects of the characters personalities. Felix who is a well established, wealthy man tries to act as a hero for his wife in order to prevent her father from going to prison which therefore resulted in his family losing their wealth and being exiled. Safie plays the vulnerable victim who's love for Felix is greater than that for her father, even though she made Felix try and get him out of prison. 

Chapter 13

- When an Arabian women named Safie arrives at the cottage, the monster realizes that the people become happier. Through the families introduction to Safie the monster understands the people have names. Safie does not speak their language so Felix, the man, decides to teach her. As Safie learns, so does the monster. The monster also learns from Felix's teachings that the human race can be noble and godlike however can also be evil.

- As the monster understands that the human race can be evil through their knowledge leaves him angry and rejected. However as the monster is learning, Shelley shows that without the monster knowing, he is also gaining knowledge meaning that one day he will become 'evil' like all the other people who had become evil through knowledge. 

Through Felix's teaching to Safie, the monster learns about the world and how society works. The monster feels that it has no place in society as it is a monster. It feels doomed that it may become the reject from society. It wishes it had never learnt about society making it miserable.

Because the monster has learnt he has no place in society, it feels rejected and doomed helping it realize how humans can be so selfish and shallow. It also realizes it's fate in society and that because he is a monster, he will be outcasted from the world. 

Chapter 12

- As the monster watches over the family, it understands that the family are unhappy through showing sympathy to each other and also showing affection. The monster seen realizes that they are unhappy because the old man is blind and the family are poor. Instead of making them more poor by eating there food, the monster decided to help them by collecting wood. The monster also realizes that they communicate through words and sets out to understand and learn the language.

This is the first time the reader understands that the monster is kind and generous. Shelley may have done this to show that a character shouldn't just be judged on what they look like. The way he also wants to learn words shows his development into a normal being. 

- The monster first sees its appearance through a puddle on the floor. It is disheartened by it's appearance however hopes that the family will see through his appearance and get to know him for his personality. Shelley also talks about how spring has arrived and the monster feels a sense of hope for his future.

When the monster sees its own reflection, the monster realizes why people has been so disgraced by him, he understands that human beings judge one another on their appearance instead of their personality. The monster shows that it can overcome his appearance and make people like it through affection and generosity. 

Chapter 11

- Chapter 11 is the start of the monster telling its story to Victor.

- The monster talks about how it was abandoned by Victor and how it ran from Victor's apartment. The monster describes how it felt hunger and discovering new things such as light and darkness, the coldness and fire with it's abilities to both cook and burn.

Shelley describes the development of the monster as almost human-like, with it learning about the basics of life including day and night, the weather and fire. The way Shelley talks about how the monster was intrigued from the fire almost reminds the reader of prehistoric times, showing the reader that the monster is developing into a human. 

Wherever the monster goes it finds out that other humans are shocked and appalled by it's deformity and inhuman-like appearance, therefore causing the monster to be abused by local people. The monster decides it cannot be seen in public and therefore decides to take shelter besides a cottage which housed a man, a women and an elderly man. The monster decides to observe the people to find out more.

The monster shows that he is judged by his appearance and not his personality which confuses him and also results in him becoming scared of humans therefore making him take shelter for his own safety. The monster decides to watch over the family to help with its development, it allows him to understand how people function and how the show affection to one another. 

Chapter 10

- Victor is still feeling depressed about recent events, he takes a trip to the peak of a mountain called Montanvert. Victor feels refreshed from the beautiful view on top of the mountain but as soon as his hopes are lifted he is confronted by the monster.  Victor curses the monster and wishes he had never created such a creature. 

Victor curses the monster without actually giving the monster a chance to talk to Victor, he also blames the monster for the death of his brother without having any evidence, showing that Victor is very judgmental and also very angry at the monster. Although he is angry at the monster, he should be angry with himself as he was the one who had created it. 

But with great eloquence the monster claims to be Victor's offspring. "I ought to be thy Adam," it says

What the monster is trying to say is that Victor was his creator, but he is no kind of god that he thought he was. 

Victor gives the monster a moment to talk, it says that it has turned to violence once Victor had abandoned it. The monster begs for Victor to listen to its story, to which, finally, he agrees to do so. Victor and the monster go back to the monsters cave in the glacier. 

This is the first bit of evidence Victor has against the monster for the murder of his brother William because of the way it said it had turned to violence and wanted to get revenge. 

Chapter 9

Victor continues to feel guilty about causing the deaths of two people he loved, he even considers suicide as he cannot cope with the destruction he had caused to his family.

- Although Victor's personality has changed and he is desperately seeking revenge, he contemplates suicide which shows his 'sickness' is returning and that he is becoming a weaker person. 

Victor's father takes the family to their lake house in Belrive to try and put the past behind them and to try and reignite some happiness back into the family.

Victor instead takes off into the mountains of Chamounix to reflect on his life and what he has caused. Whilst walking through the mountains, Victor describes the feeling of happiness and reflects on the beautiful view. However this feeling soon fades and Victor falls back into a depressed mood.

- Victor reflects on how beautiful the natural world is on his trip through the mountains, Shelley makes it out that Victor has only just realized how beautiful the natural world is and this can be compared to the way Shelley makes out science could be created to be so ugly. 

Chapter 8

- Justine confesses to the murder of William even though she is innocent because she doesn't want to go to Hell.

- It's quite ironic that Justine had confessed to the murder as she doesn't want to go to hell however she lies which is seen as a sin. 

- Elizabeth and Victor are reluctant to believe Justine that she is innocent, although Victor still does not want to tell anyone why he believes that Justine is innocent.

- Justine is executed.

- Shelley makes it out that Victor is responsible for the death of Justine because he is the creator of the monster which killed William and ultimately framed Justine forcing her to be executed. Victor feels guilty of the murders of two people he loved. 

Chapter 7

- Chapter 7 is the moment in the story when Victor's brother William had been brutally murdered back in Geneva, this all had happened once Victor had finally returned to University.

- This is a very crucial part of the story as it finally makes Victor enraged with anger, you can tell he is angry as throughout the chapter he doesn't morn much, instead he gets straight up and travels back to Geneva. I believe this is a tipping point in where Victor's personality had changed from an innocent, vulnerable man into an angry, revenged man. 

- He arrives in Geneva to see his family however he is too late, the gates of the city had been closed and Victor isn't aloud in.

- The closing gates could be representing Victors thoughts that his family will turn him away once he arrives because of his long time away. Another interpretation could be showing that the gates represents how things have changed since Victor's arrival, maybe the city and his family are not ready for his arrival therefore closing the gates on him. 

- Victor walks around where his brother was murdered, as he was walking around, he spots the monster lurking within the trees. Victor instantly realizes the monster through it's sheer ugliness and also realizes that the monster is responsible for his brothers murder.

- Although there is no actual proof, Victor automatically points the finger on his creation for the brutal murder of his brother, this shows that Victor is sort of obsessed with the monster, he wants to know what it is doing and why. It also shows that Victor's anger is taking over and all he thinks about is finding the murderer.

- The next day Victor finally reaches his families home where he discovers that Justine, the servant, had been accused of the murder of William because both had the same picture of Caroline in their pockets.

-This is similar to the way Victor has blamed the monster without having no actual proof. Justine had been accused of the crime just because they had the same picture. This shows how narrow minded people had become in the story.

- Justine's innocence is backed up by Elizabeth and Victor. Victor is certain that Justine is not the murderer as he has set his sights on the creature being the murderer, but he won't tell anyone who he thinks is the murderer.

Frankenstein: Chapter 6 summary

- Henry shows Victor a letter from Elizabeth, it states how concerned she and his father is about his current welfare, she also gossips about what has happened in Geneva and recent family events.

- In the letter Elizabeth talks about Justine Moritz who was the family's servant had to rush back to her family as her mother had become ill and had eventually died.

- In the letter we also learn about Victors brothers, Ernest and William, Ernest wants to join the foreign service and William, who is only 5.

In Elizabeth's letter, we learn how much Victor had been cut off from the world whilst working. The reader realizes how fast time had passed and how much has changed since Victor's departure. 

- Victor is hit by a guilt trip from Elizabeth, stating that he should visit her and his father or at least write back, this makes Victor realize what he is missing and wants to immediately write back.

-After being cared by Henry over the winter, Victor is finally able to leave his chamber. Henry also finds Victor a new apartment to stay in and had removed all of his scientific belongings from it.

The way Shelley talks about Victor being able to leave his chamber is similar to the way that the creature he has created has to be trapped in it's own body, it also shows that Victor's power has all but gone. 

The way Henry removed Victors belongings also show that they are trying to remove the past from Victor's life, even the creature. 

-Henry finally meets Victors professors, who are full of praise for Victor. Victor however finds the praise torturous and denies all of the praise, he also tries to change Henry's mind about choosing Science and instead forces him to choose Oriental Language.

-Victor promises to return to Geneva however he is rebuffed and changes the date til sprint, til then him and Henry embark on a 2 week journey  through the countryside, Victor talks about how he has missed the changes of the seasons whilst he was working and shows a side to him that reflects his old self. Victor talks about how he takes great joy from the natural world.

The way Victor talks about how the natural world brings great joy to him shows how he is now a changed person and believes that science isn't everything. However, the quote is incredibly ironic as Victor did not believe in the natural world beforehand. 

Frankenstein: Chapter 5 summary

-On a 'Chill night in November' Victor brings his creation to life, immediatly after Victor feels voilently sick, as though he has witnessed a catastrophe.

When Victor is wrecked by illness both mind and body, this is really unnatural characteristics shown by Victor, as if his body is punishing him for creating such a horrible creature. 

- Victor describes how he picked the perfect body parts such as pearl white teeth and wavy, black hair for the creature however the end product is hideous,  it has thin black lips, inhuman eyes and sallow skin in which you can see his muscles, veins and arteries working.

- Victors obsessions becomes a reality, he no longer is working towards becoming a god-like figure towards the creature, he now feels disgusted with his own piece of work.

- Victor rushes back to his bedroom where he dreams about him meeting Elizabeth, he hugs her however she turns into his mother's corpse.

The way Victor has previously messed with life and death becomes significant in his dreams, again his body and mind is punishing him for doing so. It is significant that he dreams about two women who are able to bring life into the world and then suddenly replaced by death. 

- He awakens in the middle of the night to find that his creature is sitting at his bedside trying to smile, the creature tries to talk however Victor runs out into the night.

From this it seems as if the creature is entirely innocent and shows that he already knows that Victor is his creature, this is shown by the way Shelley describes the way the creature reaches out to Victor.

It sounds as if Victor has finally realized what his obsession has caused him to do and that his obsession was just one big dream and he has finally awakened to find the mess he has created. 

- As Victor is walking through town he spot Henry Clerval getting out of a carriage, at once Victor forgets about what had just happened and rejoices. Henry had finally persuaded his father to allow him to join Victor at Ingolstadt. Henry tells Victor how his family and becoming incredibly worried about his welfare.

The way Victor has abandoned the creature is in comparison to the way he had abandoned his family and friends.

-When returning to Victors house, Victor scours his rooms to check if the creature had gone, in which it had. This brought delight across Victor's face and made him act incredibly out of person which worried Henry. Henry wants to know what is making Victor act so weird but Victor does not tell him.

The way Victor acts completely out of character shows how his obsession has made him mentally ill. 

Frankenstein: Chapter 4 summary

- Professor Waldman makes Victor his 'protege', Waldman speeds up Victors course of education to help him learn more. Natural Philosophy and Chemistry become Victors sole occupation and he becomes more and more distracted to become incredibly knowledgeable in these courses. He finds himself secluded in the laboratory for days on end.

- Two years pass with Victor spending days in his lab, he becomes out of touch with the world and although he has impressed the professors and other students at Ingolstadt, he has yet to write back to his family and friends inn Geneva.

I believe that Victor's character which had been built up by himself beforehand as being incredibly knowledgeable and 'nice' was to be criticized after him not even writing to his family and friends, this shows that Victor is slowly slipping into a trance-like state and his work is becoming his obsession. It also shows that Victor has flaws in his personality and is not perfect as he has built himself to be like.

- Victor develops a great interest in the human body's frame, he wants to find out how it works and what constitutes 'the principles of life'. Victor believe if he wants to find out more about life, he would first need to learn more about its counterpart, death.

Victor is showing a huge interest in life and death and shows that he wants to experiment with it. Because he wants to experiment with life and death gives me the impression he wants to become powerful like God who apparently possesses these powers.

- On his quest to learn more about death, Victor finds himself in graveyards trying to find body parts for his dissection projects.

This shows that Victors obsessions has become out of hand as he is digging up grave looking for body parts to experiment on.

- Through his projects, Victor has an epiphany and finds out how to create life, he however does not share it with Walton, or the reader, as it brings too much shame on his behalf.

This foreshadows Victors feelings to when he finally finishes his creation, he becomes ashamed and doesn't even want to share his epiphany with the reader. 

- Victor does not rush to use his epiphany, he first plans out the framework of the body for his creation, stating he will make it of a huge proportion.

The way Shelley shows how Victor is planning his creation again shows how he wants to be god-like.

- Victor is incredibly big-headed over the power he holds, saying " No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve"

Again Shelley makes Victor sound more and more obsessed with becoming more powerful with his knowledge.

-Victor works weeks on end laboring in his lab, he even picks on animals and tortures them in order to help his creating become better. Shelley describes how the seasons pass with Victor being in a trance-like state.

Talking about Victor being god-like, here it states that Victor had been 'torturing' animals which contrasts to him being God-like and more towards being the devil.

- Victor shows some sympathy towards his father who is awaiting a letter from him however believes that his father will understand why he hadn't written back. At this point Victor starts to realise the obsession he has over his creation.

Frankenstein: Chapter 3 summary

- Once Victor turns 17, his family decide to send him to the University of Ingolstadt, so he can work on becoming a great scientist.

-Before going to University, Elizabeth falls ill with scarlett fever.

- Caroline,Victors mother,  who is incredibly worried about Elizabeth's well-being, tends to her bedside over the winter to help her recover. As Elizabeth recovers Caroline contracts the scarlett fever, she eventually ends up on her death bed.

The first 2 chapters of the novel are quite upbeat, however this is the first time we get a glimpse of the impending doom which Victor will have to battle through. These events are foreshadowing Victor's future.

- On Caroline's deathbed, her only wish which would make her happy would be for Victor and Elizabeth to eventually get married.

You could say that through Caroline's wish, Victor may actually have a chance of ending the novel with a 'happily ever after', it could be that this point has already set up and ending for the novel to finish on. 

- Because of the death of his mother, Victor is stricken to grieve and cancels his move to Ingolstadt until he feels that the right time has come. Elizabeth also shows that she wants to fill Caroline's shoes by making sure she looks after the family.

- Henry Clerval visits Victor days before he goes to Ingolstadt, he tells Victor he is unable to company him on his move to Ingolstadt as his father will not allow him. Victor reflects on how he might cope as he finds it difficult to enjoy the company of strangers, however the knowledge that he will learn will compensate that.

Because Victor will use the knowledge he will gain from Ingolstadt to replace the thoughts of missing his family and friends back in Geneva is foreshadowing how Victor will become self dependent and work for years just to create the monster using the knowledge he learnt. It also shows Victors commitment to be able to become a great scientist. 

- On his arrival to Ingolstadt, the first person Victor meets is Professor Krempe. Krempe tells Victor to scrap the books he is reading as they are 'absurd', he tells Victor to start anew with his knowledge. However Victor also visits Professor Waldman who lectures Victor on how scientist can make 'miracles happen' and they are able to 'mock the invisible world with it's own shadows' . Victor then decides to study 'Natural Philosophy'

Professor Waldman's lecture to Victor about scientists makes them sound god-like, for example she says that 'Scientists can make miracles happen' which sounds incredibly similar to what people believe God can do. 

It is also the first time we learn Victor's second name, 'Frankenstein'. The reason why Shelley only just mentioned his second name now is to represent Victor becoming out of touch with the world and become more indulged into his scientific work which will ultimately lead to him creating the monster.

Frankenstein: Chapter 2 summary

- Victor talks about his privileged and 'perfect' childhood, he grew up with an interest in science and wanted to learn the secrets behind life and the hidden laws of nature whilst Elizabeth grew up with a fascination of poetry.

- This is a hint of Victors early attraction to Science and the meaning of life as he questions different aspects of science.

- Victor also talks about his friendship with Henry Clerval, his friend who lived close to him in Italy, they both share an ambition on leaving a mark on human history.

- As they both share an ambition of leaving a mark on human history, they both are too young to understand the meaning of life.

- Victor remembers a time when he was 15 when he witnessed a lightning storm, the lightening hit a large tree which was then knocked over by the brutality of the strike, he realizes that the laws of science are not all correct and some are still undiscovered leading to Victor studying mathematics rather then natural philosophy.

- The use of the lightening strike knocking down the tree shows how nature can be beautiful yet can be incredibly dangerous. Also, when Victor chooses to study mathematics rather than natural philosophy shows that Victors believes that science is more practical rather than justified over belief.

Frankenstein: Chapter 1 summary

- Narrator is a man called Victor Frankenstein.
- Frankenstein is narrating from his death bed.
- He is telling his story to Walton.
- He tells Walton to begin with about his background, he talks about his family.
- Caroline is his mother and Alphonse was his father
- Frankenstein then describes how his childhood companion, Elizabeth Lavenza, entered his family because her mother died and is adopted by the Frankenstein family.
-  Caroline was visiting a poor italian town where she spotted Elizabeth and her family who couldn't feed themselves. Victor calls Elizabeth a creature however describes her as being a beautiful child.
- At the time of the adoption. Caroline decides that Victor and Elizabeth would marry one day.

Interesting quotes linked with Gothic elements

- "- a creature who seemed to shed radience" The word creature is an odd word to describe Elizabeth he was previously complimenting her on her looks, it could be that Victor thinks that Elizabeth is so beautiful that she couldn't be real and therefore a 'creature'. Another interpretation could be that Victor is using her to foreshadow his idea to create a 'creature' later on in his life.

-" A being heaven sent" Victor talking about Elizabeth  This quotation is linked to the religious element of gothic literature. Victor is sating Elizabeth is a heaven sent which justify his belief in heaven and more significantly in Christianity. This is the first time that Victor shows his belief in god.

- Bottom of page 35: Victor talks about himself being 'created' by his parents, however is contradicted before by Victor talking about Elizabeth being adopted and not being 'created' by his parents.

10 important gothic elements!

1. Setting in a castle/isolated house

Castles usually are used in Gothic novels because they are large buildings which are usually unoccupied or abandoned which starts to bring up questions to why it was abandoned, these questions create an uncertainty around the buildings, such things as the supernatural are linked with castles because of the sense of emptiness and the unknown. These castles usually have trapped doors, secret rooms and filled with darkness adding mystery to the buildings.

2. A bad atmosphere of mystery or suspense

An atmosphere is usually created by an unknown event which has been built up throughout the novel using suspense, these events are usually inexplicable events such as disappearances or even deaths. A bad atmosphere can also be created by a narrator who is trying to get across the feelings of the characters or the narrator trying to add suspense to the novel.

3. An Ancient prophesy

The ancient prophesy is usually held through a character of the novel or the location such as a castle. These prophesy usually create an unknown feeling to the novel, this is because if the prophesy is usually inexplicable, this tends to make the reader question 'what is it?'

4. Omens, Portents, Visions

A character may usually be disturbed by the supernatural. These supernatural events are usually created by Omens, portents and visions. The visions for example can be used to foreshadow future events, for example if a statue of a character falls over and smashes, then this could be foreshadowing the characters death.

5. Supernatural or other inexplicable events

Dramatic, amazing events always occur in gothic novels, this is because it adds mystery and suspense to the novel. Such things as ghosts or object moving are known as supernatural events, inexplicable events or the events which have no meaning to them however help to add suspense to the novel, these events can help lead to a big event.

6. High emotions

7. Women in distress

8. Women threatened by a powerful male

9. Metonymy of gloom and horror

10. The vocab of horror